Unite 5 reflection

This Unite was about how mutations in the DNA can be harmful and harmless. Mutations can cause changes in the DNA like deletion, substitution, and insertion. Some changes can have from no effect at all to super and dangerous changes. My Strengths in this unit was being able to transcribe and translate mutated DNA. My weakness was writing done the exact same DNA code but with one little change to it. I was very successful in seeing and writing down what had change and if it cause any major changes. What set me back was wondering if the mutation would lead to a deceases or not.
 During the experiments that we have had I've learned that mutations can cause great changes and sometimes little changes, it all depends on where the mutation takes place. I also have learned how to easily translate and transcribe DNA in to an amino acid. The best thing I have learned is the many different kinds of mutations that can effect the DNA. I what to learn more about the different kinds of mutation and see if there is any other kinds of mutations out there. One of my unanswered questions is "Can you stop a mutation and if so how?". I wounder if one of these mutations can give you super powers

protein synthesis lab conclusion

There are 5 steps to make a protein. Step 1: DNA info transfers to the RNA. Step 2: mRNA leaves the nucleus. Step 3: mRNA arrives at ribosome. Step 4: ribosomes reads mRND by 1 codon at a time. Step 5: When reading is done that codons would have made an amino acid.


The mutation with the greatest effect was the deletion of T it caused the ribosome to stop making the amino acid. The mutation with the least effect was the substitution T to C it caused on changes at all. If T was near the binning of the sequence it would have changed the outcome dramatically and crate a completely different protein.


I choice deletion in step 7 because I thought it would cause the greatest mutation. Like most of the mutations it had some kind of effect on the amino acid. It does matter where the mutation occurs because depending on where it is it might cause a big change or a small change.

Mutations can affect your life by changing a protein  in the a broken or damaged protein and can cause you to get a disease or cancer even. Insertion is a mutation where a one letter is added to the mRNA. This can cause the amino acid to have an extra letter at the end. Depending on where the letter is added it could change the entire amino acid into a completely different one.

DNA extraction lab conclusion

During this lab we asked the question "How can DNA be separated from cheek cells in order to study it?" We found out that after scraping  our cheeks with our teeth we sued a Gatorade solution to separate the DNA from the cheek cells. Our data shows that when alcohol is added to a mixture of Gatorade, soap, and enzymes the DNA gets extracted and floats to the top. This could be related to DNA vodcasts during unite 5. This data supports our claim because it shows how we extracted the DNA and what solution we used.
Our data contradicts the expected results because we had to put the procedure in the correct order our selfies. We were able to get the right order for the lab but it could have failed if we did the order of the procedure wrong. Getting the order of the procedure wrong could result in something different or nothing happens. I recommend that you read the parts of the procedure carefully to help you put them in the right order. I also recommend that you bring in fruit so you can extract the fruits DNA instead of yours.
This lab was to demonstrated how DNA is extracted from the cheek cells. From this lab I learned how to correctly extract DNA from the cheek which helps me understand the concept of DNA extraction and examination. Based on my experience from this lab I could extract the DNA from a fruit.

Unit 4 reflrction

During this unit we talked about genetics and how cells divide. We also learned how a punnett square can predict the possible traits an offspring will have. My strength was how to use a punnett square and how to list the phenotype of the result ex: AA = brown hair and aa = blond hair. My weakness was understanding how Heterozygous and homozygous fitted in with the results. During this experience I learned how chromosomes divide during the cell cycle and how dominant traits overpower recessive traits. I have also experienced how complicated it can be and how hard it is to understand. When I was doing my info graphic I realized how complex the study of genetics is, and how you can transfer that info to make it easier to understand. I what to learn more about how disorders and diseases can be inherited by the offspring and if they can be stop. I also want to learn how cancer can be created if there is a mistake in the cell cycle. I prefer having the info spoken to me and explained as well. I find that this helps me understand what I am learning a lot better. My results some what surprised me I did not thing I would get that kind of answer. I always listen to the speaker and I sometimes ask questions on things I don't understand. For my test I review my notes and I ask questions if needed, and I some times rewrite old questions and answer them.

 

http://iogsuhsd.blogspot.com/2015/11/genetic-infograph.html

coin lab relate and review

In this lab we flipped coins to determine the probability of our offspring having different traits. The coin served as a model for genetics concepts by randomly landing on a allele, and then put together with the result that landed on the other coin form the gene that show your trait, it also shows a example of meiosis or gene segregation. It also shows if those traits are homozygous or heterozygous. Our results seem to be more random than the results in the dihybrid cross simulation witch shows the gene with two letters, but the monohybrid shows the gene with four letters. They did show the same results yours was more very in the amount of each result. The limit of using probability to predict our offspring's traits is how those traits will look all together, even if you try recombination and with different traits we will not know what the offspring will look like with all of these traits. I can relate this to sex which is when the offspring inherits the autosomal and X linked genes from the parents.

genetic infograph

unite 3 reflection

During this unit we learned about cells. This unite tout us the understanding of the cell's history, functions, and other important cells. I had many strengths during this unit, because the cell is very easy to understand. I didn't really have any weaknesses at all, and i didn't have any setbacks. Many of the topics were very easy to understand. I learned how to carry out the instructions for the labs without falter. Through the experiences i learned how chromosomes help the cell make energy. I want to learn more about how cells make new cells, and how they fight off infections.

egg deffution lab

In this lab we were asked "How and why dose a cell's internal environment change, as it's external environment changes"?First we measured the mass and the circumference. Then we put one egg in DI water and one in sugar water. Then after a while we measured the mass and the circumference. Finally we filled in our table.

When the sugar concentration increased the mass and circumference decreased because the water moved from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell. the sugar caused the change. By making the water move from low concentration inside the cell to high concentration outside the cell. 

 The internal environment changes, as it's external environment changes through passive diffusion. They changed this way because the water inside the egg left and dissolved the sugar, which caused the internal and  external environments to change.

This lad demonstrates how a solution is formed by a solute and a solvent. It also demonstrates how diffusion effects the cell by making it bigger through hypertonic, and how they get smaller through hpnotonic.

What we learned in this lab can apply to everyday life. Vegetables are sprinkled with water at markets because then the water get absorbed into their cells by passing through the cell membrane. Roads are sometimes salted to melt ice because the salt makes the ice dissolve it and then it flows off the road. Then the salt water makes the plants on the side of the road die.

Based on this experiment, I would want to test how long it took for different eggs to shrivel up in sugar water.

egg Macromolecules conclusion

In this lab we we asked the question "Can macromolecules be identified in an egg cell?". We found out that mixing the egg membrane, egg white, and egg yolk with different chemicals. Our qualitative data shows how the color changed into new colors. Our quantitative data shows how much the color has changed, which tells use if they have macromolecules in them. This data supports our claim because of how the chemicals reacted to the egg membrane, white, and yolk.

Our data was unexpected because our egg exploded and the egg white and egg yolk got mixed together. This was very hard because the results of the yolk and egg white test were unexpected. You can blame my partner for that, but I am not going to say any names. For this lab I recommend you cut open the egg very carefully or you will end up like my group. I also recommend that you make sure you can tell the color after you added the chemicals, so you can get an accurate answer.

This lab was done to demonstrate to see if macromolecules were in egg cells. From this lab I learned that many macromolecules can be found in egg cells, which helps me understand the concept of analyzing cells. Based on my experience from this lab can help me if I want to find how many macromolecules are in a plant cell.

The egg membrane has polysaccharide and proteins. I know this because they reacted and changed color. The chemical that were added to test tube with the membrane caused the change of color. The egg white has lipids, proteins, and monosaccharide. I know this because they reacted and changed colors. the chemicals that were added to the test tube with the egg white caused the change in color. The egg yolk as lipids. I know this because they reacted and changed colors. the chemical that were added to the test tube with the egg yolk caused the change in color.

why do we dream?

Why do we dream? I am interested in this question because dreams have always fascinated me. If we dream so much, than we should know everything about them. My big 20 questions are:

1) What is the meaning of life?

2) Why was man created?

3) Are there parallel universes?

4) Are there alternate dimensions? 

5) Dose God exist?

6) What is at the center of the universe?

7) How many universes are there?

8) How do we now what the dinosaurs looked like?   

9) Is the legend of the precedents book true?

10) Is there life out in space?

11) Who invented math?

12) How fast do you need to go to make a sonic boom?

13) How many cells are in a human body?

14) How small are atoms?

15) What would happen if you split a atom?

16) Is there an area 51?

17) Are dragons real?
18) What is the biggest galaxy we have recorded?

19) What is the nearest galaxy to ours?

20) How hot is the sun?

Identifying Questions and Hypotheses

Link http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150909091229.htm

The question of this experiment is " How do we fined new galaxies?", and the hypothesis is "If astronomers have generated the most accurate statistical description yet of faint, than we can find early new galaxies from the big bang".There are other galaxies out there waiting to be discovered. astronomers have tried their best to discover new galaxies.

cheese lab

In this lab we were asked “ what are the conditions and curdling agents for making cheese?” We found that there are many different conditions to make milk curdle. the quantitative data shows us how long it took to curdle from 5 min to 33 min and the chymosin and rennin had many different way to curdle, but buttermilk only had one way. The buttermilk curdled in 20 min with the milk and lemonade. This can be related to current scientific ideas by trying to find a way to make different cheese. This data supports our claim because it goes about with finding different curdling ways too.

Our data was unexpected because the milk took so long to curdle. It took 15 min for the acid tube to curdle. The base and control did not finish in time. I recommend wearing lots of clothing when you put the test tubes of milk in your arm bit. I also recommend you leave them in there for a long time so that they can curdle.

This lab was done to demonstrate how milk is curdled. From this lab I learned how there is many ways to make cheese, which helps me understand the concept of how different cheeses are made. Based on my experience from this lab I can know how they make so many different cheeses.

unit 2 reflection

Unit 2 reflection

Unit 2 focused on how molecules and atoms effect living things, and how carbohydrates help our bodies work to store energy. The theme of this unit was atoms and how they work with living things. To me the most essential part of this unit is how molecules and living things interact with each other. My strength was doing the labs and writing down the info that followed. My weakness was relating the info to other scientific ideas. My successes were understanding the labs we did. My setbacks were getting pictures on my blogs. From this experiences i have learned that there are many types of sugars and they all taste differently because they are composed of different molecules. I want to learn how we will act with out atoms. My unanswered question is "What made the atoms?"

sweetness lab conclotion

Today in biology we tasted 8 different kinds of carbohydrates and see which one of them was the sweetest out of them all. Polysaccharides are not sweet at all because they come in a powder form witch makes it dry. if the carbohydrates are in a granular or crystal form they will dissolve easier than the one that are in a powder form. Me and my team gave all samples the same rating, it could be different by a teammate having different taste buds, may not like sugars, or my like bitter thing more than sweet things. the front part of the tongue is all for tasting sweets, and the back part is for bitterness this helps balance it out.

Today we tried to answer “How does the structure of carbohydrates affect its taste (sweetness)”? We found out that a monosaccharide called fructose is the sweetest out of the 8  carbohydrates we tasted. The quantitative data shows use how sweet the sugars were some raked at 100, some at 0, but the highest rake was 200. this can be related about how scientist study the human tongue and how it tastes sweetness, bitterness, and salty foods.

While our hypothesis was supported by our data, which shows how the different sugars have different tastes, there could have been some error due to tasting different amounts of the sugars. Tasting different amounts of the sugars which will result in a differences in the data table. IT is important to have a good result because an improper result will end in the experiment being a total failure. I recommend to be persis with the amount of sugar to get the persis result. I also recommend that you don’t go crazy on sugar.

This lab was done to demonstrate how the tongue can taste sweets. From this lab i learned how different parts of the tongue tastes different things, which helps me understand the concept of how the tongue works. Based on my experience from this lab I can use this if i want to bake something sweet or bitter.

carbohydrate	type of carbohydrate	sweetness	color	texture	observation
sucrose	dis	100	white	granular	table sugar
glucose	mono	0	white	granular
fructose	mono	150	white	crystal
galactose	mono	75	white	powder
maltose	dis	25	brown	powder	tast like rasens
lactose	dis	50	white	powder
starch	poly	0	white	powder	dry
cellulose	poly	0	white	powder	really dry

jean lab concluion

In this lab we asked the question what concentration of bleach is best to fade the color out of new denim material in 10 minutes without visible damage to the fabric? We found that different % of bleach can cause different damages to the jeans. The data shows 100% of bleach can remove all the color from the jean, but with only 12.5% of bleach there was hardly and color removed. scientist have done experiments involving bleaches effect on jeans, and they got a lot of different results depending on the % of bleach used. This data support our claim because if you do the same experiment then you will get the same result.

Our data was unexpected because we did not put in 3 cut outs of jeans at the same time. We also took some out to early. These errors will effect the result because timing is important in a lab. My recommendation is to read the instructions carefully and don't skip any of them. My second recommendation is that help and ask for help in your lab group.

This experiment was great i don't think it need improvement at all. This lab was important in understanding biological concepts because it helps the student in understanding the scientific method. This lad was done to demonstrate the effects of different solutions of bleach on cut outs of jeans. 
from this lab I learned how the scientific method is properly used in a lab which helps me understand the concept of a good experiment procedure. Based on my experience from this lab I will be prepared to make an excellent experiment for my next lab.

concentration (% bleach)	average color removal
100	9
50	3.7
25	4.4
12.5	1
0	0

concentration (% bleach)	average fabric removal
100	1.7
50	1
25	1
12.5	1
0	0

work cited